If a client tests positive for HIV using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), what should the nurse inform the client?

If a client tests positive for HIV using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), what should the nurse inform the client?

• A. The result is conclusive and no further testing is needed
• B. The test needs to be confirmed with a Western blot
• C. The results should be shared with a family member
• D. The client should start treatment immediately

Answer: (B)

When a client tests positive for HIV using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), it's essential to understand that while the ELISA is a sensitive initial screening test, it is not definitive. A positive result indicates that further testing is necessary to confirm the diagnosis. This is typically done using a Western blot test or another confirmatory test, which provides more specificity in determining the presence of HIV antibodies. The confirmation process is critical because false-positive results can occur with ELISA due to various factors, including recent infections or the presence of certain antibodies that may not necessarily indicate an HIV infection. Thus, informing the client that a confirmatory test is needed ensures they receive accurate information regarding their health status and appropriate care moving forward.

When a client tests positive for HIV using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), it's essential to understand that while the ELISA is a sensitive initial screening test, it is not definitive. A positive result indicates that further testing is necessary to confirm the diagnosis. This is typically done using a Western blot test or another confirmatory test, which provides more specificity in determining the presence of HIV antibodies.

The confirmation process is critical because false-positive results can occur with ELISA due to various factors, including recent infections or the presence of certain antibodies that may not necessarily indicate an HIV infection. Thus, informing the client that a confirmatory test is needed ensures they receive accurate information regarding their health status and appropriate care moving forward.